Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that allows for the visualization of abdominal organs using a laparoscope – a thin instrument equipped with a light and camera. The laparoscope is inserted into the abdomen through a small incision (0.5-1 cm) usually located near the navel, allowing for the examination (and if necessary, the operation) of the abdominal cavity without large incisions.

Advantages of laparoscopy

Less invasive compared to traditional “open surgical approach,” avoiding large abdominal wounds.
Faster recovery time.
Reduced discomfort levels.
Shorter hospital stays.
Lower consumption of pain medication.
Lower risk of infection.
Patients can return to daily activities sooner.

Who needs a laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy is often necessary to diagnose or confirm certain conditions by directly visualizing the abdominal organs. Common reasons for laparoscopy include:

Abdominal pain (e.g., due to endometriosis or adhesions).
Pelvic masses (e.g., ovarian cysts/tumors or fibroids).
Infertility diagnostics.
Sterilization (removal or cutting of fallopian tubes as a permanent contraception method).
When other methods like examinations, CT scans, and ultrasounds do not provide a clear diagnosis.

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How is laparoscopy performed?

Laparoscopy is conducted in an operating room under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes a small incision near the navel (0.5-1 cm). Gas is introduced into the abdomen to separate the abdominal organs, and a laparoscope (a long, thin instrument with a camera and light) is inserted through the incision, projecting images of the abdominal organs onto a screen. Additional small incisions are made as necessary to insert instruments for any required interventions. After the procedure, the instruments are removed, the gas is released, and the incisions are closed with stitches or skin glue. Depending on the reason for the procedure, it can last from 30 minutes to several hours.

Risks of laparoscopy

Like all surgical procedures,

laparoscopy carries certain risks, including:

The procedure may need to be converted to an open surgery (laparotomy).
Bleeding in the abdomen that may require fluid replacement or transfusion.
Damage to surrounding organs like the bladder or intestines, possibly necessitating additional surgery.
Rarely, the gas used to inflate the abdomen can cause lung and heart complications.
Adhesions may form post-operation, potentially interfering with organ function.
Infection of abdominal wounds or the abdominal cavity.
Weakening of the abdominal wall at the incision site, potentially leading to hernias.
Diagnostic laparoscopy may not always result in a definitive diagnosis, or the cause of the symptoms may not be found.

Preparation for the procedure

Your doctor will explain the procedure and potential complications. Ask any questions you may have.
Your medical history, including past illnesses and surgeries, will be thoroughly reviewed. Mention any allergies to medications or substances (such as latex or adhesive). If you suspect pregnancy, be sure to mention it. Also list all medications you are taking, including dietary supplements.
Complete all pre-procedure tests as instructed by your doctor.
You will need to sign an informed consent form. Read it carefully and clarify any doubts before the procedure.
Do not eat or drink anything for 6 to 8 hours before the procedure (including water and gum).
Remove any navel piercings.
Follow any specific instructions given by your doctor based on the type of surgery planned.

Alternative options

Similar surgeries can be performed using an open surgical approach (laparotomy), which is more invasive, involves higher complication rates, and requires a longer recovery period and hospital stay. In some situations, however, open surgery may be the best solution.

Recovery after laparoscopy

You will be taken to a recovery room until you fully awaken from anesthesia and then transferred to a room on the ward. Vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, temperature) will be monitored at regular intervals. Depending on the type of surgery, you may go home the same day or the next day. Post-operative expectations include:

Feeling drowsy or “intoxicated” is common after the procedure.
You may experience abdominal discomfort or bloating, mild nausea, or shoulder pain due to the gas used to inflate the abdomen. These symptoms usually subside within a few hours to a few days. Pain should decrease daily. Pain medication will be provided on the day of surgery and for home use if needed.
For the first 24 hours, you should be accompanied by an adult, avoid driving, and not consume alcohol.
Several days of rest are recommended, with at least a week off work, depending on your job type.
Physical activity should be limited for a few days post-surgery.

Keep the incision sites dry and clean, following your doctor’s instructions for wound care.

If the procedure goes smoothly, you will be able to drink fluids a few hours afterward. Avoid carbonated drinks for the first few days to prevent abdominal discomfort.

When to contact your doctor

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

Fever or feeling unwell.
Heavy vaginal bleeding or unusual discharge.
Redness, warmth, pain, or discharge from the wound.
Persistent nausea and vomiting.
Inability to urinate or have a bowel movement.
Severe pain.

General risks of all surgeries

Small areas of the lungs may collapse, increasing the risk of infection, which may require antibiotic treatment and rehabilitation.
Blood clots in leg veins may cause swelling and redness. Rarely, pieces of clots can travel to the lungs, which can be fatal.
There is a risk of heart attack or stroke.
Death is a rare complication of any surgery.
Obese individuals have an increased risk of clot formation, wound infection, and heart and lung complications.

Cost of laparoscopy

For more information on the cost of the procedure, check the current price list of the Sinteza Polyclinic. Contact us by phone at +385 1 5005 970 or via email at info@sinteza.hr for more information. For direct appointment reservations, click on the link.