Urological Examination for Men and Women

A urological examination is a medical procedure conducted to assess the health and function of the urinary system in both men and women. Urology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the urinary system, including:

Kidneys
Bladder
Ureters
Urethra
Male reproductive organs

A urological examination can help diagnose various conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia, kidney cancer, prostate cancer, urinary incontinence, and other urological diseases. It can also be performed preventively, regardless of the presence of symptoms, to maintain general health monitoring of the urogenital system.

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When is a urological examination needed?

A visit to a urologist may be required in different situations.

Here are some common reasons for consulting a urologist:

Urination problems: Difficulty with urination, such as frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, weak or interrupted urine flow, or feeling of incomplete bladder emptying, warrants a visit to a urologist.
Nocturia: If you experience two or more nighttime urinations that disturb your sleep, you may have nocturia. Common causes include benign prostatic obstruction, incomplete bladder emptying, diabetes, various kidney issues, or certain medications.
Uncontrolled urine leakage (Incontinence): This can occur in both genders and may be linked to physiological, anatomical, and hormonal changes, as well as benign or malignant conditions.
Blood in semen (ejaculate): This can result from various health conditions or injuries. It is often associated with urinary infections (prostate, seminal vesicles, urethra) or may be idiopathic. Sometimes, it can be related to more serious conditions like trauma or tumors in the urogenital tract.
Erectile dysfunction: Although it can be a source of embarrassment, it is common and may have different causes, including medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, urinary infections), emotional issues (e.g., anxiety, depression), problems in the sexual relationship, fatigue, stress, poor diet, or trauma.

Changes in testicles or penile skin: Any lumps, tightness, or color changes on the testicles or penile skin should be evaluated by a doctor, as they may indicate more serious underlying conditions.
Lower abdominal or back pain: Persistent pain in the kidney, bladder, prostate, or genital areas requires consultation with a urologist to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.
Recurrent urinary tract infections: Frequent urinary tract infections in men or women may necessitate a urological evaluation to determine underlying causes and appropriate treatment.
Kidney stones: Symptoms such as severe back or flank pain, blood in the urine, or recurrent urinary infections may prompt an evaluation for kidney stones.
Suspected prostate issues: Men experiencing symptoms like frequent urination, weak urine flow, nocturia, or erectile dysfunction should consult a urologist to examine prostate health.
Reproductive system problems: Urology also deals with male reproductive health. Issues related to fertility, erectile dysfunction, testicular or penile pain, or other reproductive concerns should be addressed with a urologist.
Penile discharge: Noticing discharge from the penis requires attention to the consistency, color, and odor of the fluid, which could be caused by sexually transmitted infections or other conditions.
Before or after sexual activity: For those who have had unprotected or risky sexual encounters, it is advisable to check your health status.

These examples cover common reasons for a urological visit. Each person may have unique needs and indications for an examination. If you have any concerns or symptoms related to the urinary or reproductive system, consulting a urologist is the best approach for accurate assessment and treatment.

The first visit to a urologist

At the beginning of your appointment, you will be asked to fill out a form with personal information and medical history. The doctor will inquire about your symptoms, their duration and severity, and any previous illnesses or surgeries.

If you feel uncomfortable discussing certain topics, remember that honest answers are crucial for the urologist to make an accurate diagnosis and provide the best care.

Following the discussion, the physical examination will begin, which may include palpation of the abdomen, genital area, and rectum. For men, a digital rectal examination (DRE) is also conducted.

The DRE assesses the size and consistency of the prostate, noting any enlargement or irregularities. The examination involves inserting a lubricated finger into the rectum to evaluate the prostate. Often, a urinary tract ultrasound is performed to diagnose or monitor specific conditions.

Urologists frequently conduct various blood tests to gain a comprehensive view of the urinary system’s functioning. If a blood test is not required, or if the urologist needs more information before diagnosing, urine tests may be performed.

Based on the discussion and physical examination, the urologist will determine if further tests are necessary. These may include laboratory tests (e.g., urinalysis, blood tests) or diagnostic imaging studies such as ultrasound, X-rays, cystoscopy, or other specialized tests. These tests help the urologist make an accurate diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment.

After gathering all relevant information and test results, the urologist will provide a diagnosis, explain their findings, and propose a treatment plan. This may include lifestyle changes, medications, further monitoring, consultations with other specialists, or, in some cases, surgery.

It is important to discuss all symptoms openly with the urologist during the first visit.

How to prepare for a urological examination

Preparation for a urological examination can vary based on specific requirements and instructions from your doctor. However, here are some general guidelines that might be helpful:

Gather medical information: Before visiting the urologist, prepare all relevant medical records and history. This may include previous test results, medical reports, or a list of current medications. Consider any family history of urological issues such as kidney disease, bladder issues, or prostate cancer.

List your symptoms and questions: Write down the symptoms you have noticed, whether related to urination problems, pain, or other unusual signs. Also, note any questions you have to ensure you cover everything during your appointment.

Check specific preparation instructions: If you are unsure about specific preparation guidelines, it is a good idea to call the clinic for instructions.

Urological examination for women

A urological examination for women may involve the following steps:

Registration and Medical History: At the start of your visit, you will be asked to complete a form with personal details and medical history. A nurse or technician may interview you about your symptoms, previous illnesses, family history, and medications.

Discussion with the doctor: The urologist will discuss your symptoms, their duration, and severity. They may ask about urination problems, urinary infections, pain in the urinary area, or other related issues.

Physical examination: The doctor will perform a physical examination, which may include palpation of the abdomen to assess the size and sensitivity of the kidneys. A gynecological examination, including an examination of the external genitalia and vaginal examination, may also be conducted.

Laboratory tests: The urologist may order laboratory tests such as urinalysis, blood tests, or tests for sexually transmitted infections to evaluate the condition of the urinary system and rule out other potential causes of symptoms.

Diagnostic imaging: If necessary, the urologist may recommend additional instrumental tests, such as ultrasound of the urinary system, cystoscopy (bladder examination), or other specialized imaging studies.

It is important to note that a urological examination is generally safe and performed with care and respect for the patient. The doctor will inform you about each step of the examination and answer any questions you may have. If you have any concerns or discomfort during the exam, it’s important to express them to ensure you feel as comfortable as possible.

Cost of urological examination

You can check the current price list for the cost of the procedure. Contact us by phone at +385 1 5005 970 or email info@sinteza.hr for more information. For direct appointment bookings, click the link.