Contraception – Types and Methods

Contraception – types and methods

Contraception includes methods aimed at preventing unplanned pregnancy.

We bring you several of the most used protection methods.

Condom

The most accessible method of contraception. When used correctly, it successfully prevents 98% of pregnancies. It is also the only method that protects against sexually transmitted infections (though not all STIs).

For enhanced protection against both unwanted pregnancies and STIs, it is recommended to combine condoms with another method,

such as an intrauterine device (IUD) or contraceptive pills.

Hormonal contraception – combined contraceptive pill

This method of contraception offers additional benefits beyond preventing pregnancy, including regulating the menstrual cycle, reducing heavy bleeding, and treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), acne, excessive hair growth, and PMS.
Hormonal contraception also reduces the risk of benign breast diseases (but not cancer), ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, and infertility.

IUD – intrauterine device (spiral)

An IUD is a mechanical device placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is a long-term and highly effective contraceptive method.

Contrary to popular belief, IUDs can be used by women who have not given birth. The insertion is straightforward and usually done on an outpatient basis, typically at the end of the menstrual cycle (the last or second-to-last day of bleeding).

The most common types of IUDs are:

Non-hormonal IUD (copper spiral): Recommended for women who cannot use hormonal IUDs or prefer to avoid hormonal treatments. This type does not reduce bleeding, so it is advised for women who do not have heavy menstrual bleeding.

Hormonal IUD (levonorgestrel spiral – available in Croatia as Mirena and Levosert): Releases the hormone levonorgestrel, which thins the uterine lining. It is used for contraception and often to reduce heavy bleeding.

Emergency contraception – morning-after pill

The morning-after pill is not a method for routine use.

It serves as an option if unprotected intercourse occurs or if another contraceptive method fails (e.g., a broken condom or missed pill). It should be taken as soon as possible after intercourse to maximize effectiveness.

Sterilization

Sterilization is a permanent method where the fallopian tubes are cut or removed, preventing pregnancy. This method is typically chosen by women who no longer wish to conceive. There are legal regulations surrounding this method. The procedure is usually performed laparoscopically under general anesthesia. After the removal of the fallopian tubes, menstruation and hormonal function remain unchanged – menopause does not occur.

According to current scientific knowledge, removal of the fallopian tubes may also offer protection against ovarian cancer.

These are just some of the available contraceptive options. Choosing a method is a personal decision. If you are unsure about which contraceptive method is best for your body, consult with our gynecologist, Dr. Petra Kejla, for comprehensive information and to make an informed choice.